Russian Federation |

Country Profile

Russian Federation

GDP (current USD)	1.78 (2021 trillion)
GDP Growth Rate–	4.8 (2021)
GDP per Capita–	USD 12,172.8 (2021)
Population–	143,446,060 (2021)[i]
Language–	Official language is Russian; 27 regional languages are recognized along with Russian as official languages in the respective regions
Ethnic groups–	Russian (77.7%), Tatar (3.7%), Ukrainian (1.4%), Bashkir (1.1%), Chuvash (1%), Chechen (1%) other 10.2%, unspecified 3.9%
Religion–	Christianity (Russian Orthodox 72%), Islam (5%), Buddhism (0.5%)[ii]
Military expenditure (% of GDP)	4.3 (2020)[iii]

Russia’s Foreign Trade in 2020 (in USD million)

Exports 337,104

Imports 231,664

Top 5 Export Partners

Importer	Trade (USD Mil)	Partner share (%)
China	49,146	14.58
Netherlands	24,819	7.36
United Kingdom	23,158	6.87
Germany	18,619	5.52
Belarus	15,979	4.74

Source: https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/RUS/Year/LTST/Summary

Top 5 Import Partners

Exporter	Trade (USD Mil)	Partner share (%)
China	54,913	23.70
Germany	23,382	10.09
United States	13,213	5.70
Belarus	12,605	5.44
Italy	10,196	4.40

Source: https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/RUS/Year/LTST/Summary

India-Russia Trade in USD million

	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21	2021-22
EXPORT	2,113.39	2,389.47	3,017.67	2,655.52	3,254.68
IMPORT	8,573.46	5,840.44	7,093.01	5,485.75	9,869.99
TOTAL TRADE	10,686.85	8,229.91	10,110.68	8,141.26	13,124.68

Source: https://tradestat.commerce.gov.in/eidb/iecnt.asp

India-Russia Trade in USD million

Major Indian export Items-

Pharmaceuticals, Machinery and Mechanical, Unknit clothing, precious stones, Knitted apparel.

Major Indian import Items-

Precious Stones, Nuclear reactors, Machinery and Mechanical, fertilizers, Photographic equipment.

Kazakhstan

Population	19 million
GDP (USD bn; market exchange rate)	192.4 Real GDP growth
GDP (USD bn; purchasing power parity)	548.0 Real domestic demand growth
GDP per head (USD; market exchange rate)	10,022 Inflation
GDP per head (USD; purchasing power parity)	28,545 Current-account balance (% of GDP)[iv]
Ethnic Groups	The largest ethnic group is Kazakh, representing approximately 70% of the population. A further 30% are Russians, Uzbeks, Ukrainians, Uighurs, Tatars, Germans and others.
Religions	The majority (around 70%) of the population are Muslim, and a further 26% are Christian. The remaining 4% are another religion, atheist, or unspecified.
Military expenditure (% of GDP)	1.1 (2020)[v]

Kazakhstan’s Foreign Trade

Exports, 2015-21 (in USD million)

	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Exports, total	45,952.0	36,736.9	48,348.3	60,653.9	57,676.7	46,926.8	62,186.3
Italy	8,136.3	7,481.7	8,670.2	11,732.8	8,373.7	6,644.7	9,215.3
China,	5,480.1	4,228.4	5,773.4	6,240.0	7,823.4	9,004.0	11,687.1
Russia	4,547.5	3,445.2	4,479.3	4,979.0	5,602.5	4,899.5	6,444.0
Netherlands	4,981.0	3,255.8	4,748.2	6,189.4	4,393.2	3,148.6	4,347.9
France	2,681.3	1,791.9	2,861.1	3,839.1	3,650.4	1,858.5	2,761.7
Switzerland	2,659.3	2,442.8	3,100.7	2,867.5	2,678.3	1,523.1	2,035.2
Uzbekistan	942.3	925.2	1,245.8	1,637.5	1,981.6	2,133.3	2,783.7
South Korea	769.9	223.5	1,128.2	2,950.6	3,079.6	1,003.9	1,364.6
Türkiye	1,275.6	851.0	1,145.2	1,245.0	2,307.5	2,131.5	2,677.9
Spain	1,219.1	989.1	1,444.3	1,862.5	2,166.0	1,215.2	1,651.9

Source: https://data.adb.org/media/10201/download

Imports, 2015-21 (in USD million)

	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Imports, total	30,600.6	25,376.7	29,139.3	32,270.6	38,419.0	38,142.9	42,443.5
Russia	10,529.3	9,288.3	11,336.5	11,969.2	14,065.1	13,300.2	15,049.0
China,	5,087.8	3,668.0	4,692.0	5,380.7	6,566.5	6,346.5	7,050.5
South Korea	607.0	453.0	567.4	922.3	3,422.4	4,885.6	5,125.1
Germany	1,986.0	1,442.6	1,478.9	1,645.6	1,491.9	1,786.5	1,971.4
United States	1,484.3	1,277.1	1,253.3	1,499.1	1,356.5	1,123.6	1,290.5
Italy	1,174.5	835.7	945.0	1,494.7	1,579.4	912.8	1,051.6
Türkiye	741.9	618.3	729.4	654.2	819.1	927.4	1,011.7
Uzbekistan	725.7	587.8	735.0	844.5	771.2	780.1	879.7
France	670.8	661.1	534.9	661.5	695.7	835.3	917.8
Belarus	488.0	339.0	502.1	572.0	654.8	646.7	714.7

Source: https://data.adb.org/media/10201/download

India-Kazakhstan Trade (in USD million)

	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21	2021-22
EXPORT	125.37	143.13	202.59	225.96	235.12
IMPORT	907.43	708.78	2,255.70	804.97	325.77
TOTAL TRADE	1,032.81	851.91	2,458.29	1,030.92	560.89

Source: https://tradestat.commerce.gov.in/eidb/iecnt.asp

India-Kazakhstan Trade (in USD million)

Major Indian export Items-

Pharmaceuticals, Electrical machinery and equipment, Machinery and Mechanical, Coffee, tea, maté and spices, Articles of apparel and clothing, Organic chemicals, Ceramic products, Optical, photographic, medical or surgical instruments, Miscellaneous chemical products.

Major Indian import Items-

Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation Natural or cultured pearls,

precious or semi-precious stones, Inorganic chemicals, Salt; sulphur; earths and stone, Iron and Other base metals; Machinery, mechanical appliances Ores, slag and ash Lead and articles Electrical machinery and equipment.

Kyrgyzstan

Population, million	6.7 (2021)
GDP, current $ billion	8.5 (2021)
GDP per capita, current USD	1,275.9 (2021)[vi]
Military expenditure (% of GDP)	1.8 (2020)[vii]

Kyrgyzstan’s Foreign Trade

Exports, 2015-21 (in USD million)

	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Exports, total	1,421	1,421	1,757	1,712	1,966	1,964	1,659
UK	2	32	191	670	833	990	234
Kazakhstan	228	151	266	237	338	294	375
Russia	157	145	265	281	271	242	413
Uzbekistan	95	125	146	159	139	153	180
Switzerland	562	648	489	…	4	7	55
Türkiye	84	90	131	104	90	75	91
China,	36	80	97	61	81	43	64
Tajikistan	24	22	24	47	57	28	24
UAE	99	36	31	7	10	9	55
Lithuania	4	8	15	46	17	4	2

Source: https://data.adb.org/media/10216/download

Imports, 2015-21 (in USD million)

	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Imports, total	4,071	3,847	4,490	4,824	4,904	3,684	5,570
China,	1,029	1,465	1,494	1,942	1,735	737	1,464
Russia	1,272	800	1,232	1,223	1,362	1,316	1,872
Kazakhstan	677	636	520	486	610	500	685
Türkiye	164	191	225	290	223	195	322
Uzbekistan	59	70	164	178	201	189	317
United States	122	154	155	129	90	120	101
Germany	93	62	67	75	71	52	63
Belarus	54	35	109	32	43	35	57
Ukraine	89	40	39	30	48	50	55
South Korea	54.0	26.0	46.4	27.7	33.1	47.6	54.8

Source: https://data.adb.org/media/10216/download

India-Kyrgyzstan Trade (in USD million)

Year	2017-2018	2018-2019	2019-2020	2020-2021	2021-2022
EXPORT	28.59	30.02	29.13	38.71	32.89
IMPORT	30.94	2.59	1.33	5.16	1.79
TOTAL TRADE	59.53	32.60	30.46	43.87	34.68

Source: https://tradestat.commerce.gov.in/eidb/iecnt.asp

India’s exports to Kyrgyzstan

pharmaceutical products and articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted, ships, boats and floating structures, articles of apparel and clothing accessories, optical, photographic and surgical instruments and coffee, tea and spices.

India’s Imports to Kyrgyzstan

Ships, boats and floating structures, edible vegetables and certain roots, and edible fruit and nuts.

Tajikistan

Population–	9.8 million (2021)[viii]
GDP–	USD 7.01 billion (Jan-Oct 2021)
GDP Growth Rate-	9.0 % (Jan-Oct 2021)
Major Sectors (% of GDP)-	Agriculture – 22.6%
	Industry – 14.5%
	Trade – 15.1%
	Taxes – 9.1%
Unemployment Rate (%)-	7.5% (Jan 2021)
Inflation (%)-	9.6% (Sept 2021)
GDP Per Capita–	USD 3657.57 (Jan-Oct 2021)[ix]
Language	Official language: Tajik. Other languages spoken: Russian, Uzbek and Pamiri
Ethnic Groups-	Tajiks (85%), Uzbeks (14%), others (1%)
Main Religions –	Muslim (96.8%), Christian (1.7%), others (1.5%).[x]
Military expenditure (% of GDP)	1.0 (2020)[xi]

Tajikistan’s Foreign Trade

Exports, 2015-21 (in USD million)

	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Exports, total	976.7	902.5	1,050.5	1,180.3	997.7	803.6	1,286.5
Kazakhstan	170.9	194.9	324.3	300.0	218.4	152.2	307.6
Türkiye	278.7	200.8	233.2	276.5	233.8	203.0	254.8
Algeria	…	50.2	119.4	122.4	110.5	88.9	91.6
Uzbekistan	1.5	35.6	57.1	155.3	172.0	82.4	50.5
Afghanistan	56.9	75.0	98.1	72.3	39.4	69.4	83.0
China,	59.5	44.0	35.4	57.1	55.4	34.4	118.5
Russia	85.7	50.6	32.1	55.2	44.3	41.0	98.6
Hong Kong,	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0	122.2
Belgium	0.1	0.1	0.1	2.3	21.0	32.1	66.9
Iran,	38.3	39.0	30.4	35.1	18.1	9.4	26.1

Source: https://data.adb.org/media/10321/download

Imports, 2015-21 (in USD million)

	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Imports, total	3,131.5	3,043.4	2,786.5	3,199.1	3,340.0	3,154.8	4,405.9
Russia	1,038.1	985.9	903.9	967.9	1,009.1	932.6	1,369.0
Kazakhstan	554.8	481.1	514.3	533.9	739.3	757.6	956.7
China,	833.4	841.3	556.2	594.2	605.5	438.4	710.4
Uzbekistan	4.9	33.6	69.3	126.3	169.9	238.4	216.5
Türkiye	130.6	114.5	105.4	124.9	143.5	119.6	173.8
Japan	21.4	11.3	29.1	64.4	66.9	47.0	260.4
Germany	80.4	58.4	106.3	97.0	76.0	91.1	81.1
Iran,	65.9	75.1	61.4	62.1	46.2	48.4	67.7
Belarus	18.7	18.9	37.0	35.2	26.4	52.3	61.1
Korea, Republic of	18.2	13.5	15.9	27.6	33.9	53.5	59.7

Source: https://data.adb.org/media/10321/download

Tajikistan export operations are mainly comprised of cotton, mineral products, base metal, and electricity. The import of goods is represented by crude oil and wheat. The largest trade partners of Tajikistan are China, Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan.[xii]

India-Tajikistan Trade (in USD million)

Year	2017-2018	2018-2019	2019-2020	2020-2021	2021-2022
EXPORT	23.94	22.28	23.50	53.45	35.35
IMPORT	50.29	4.24	0.29	1.06	10.74
TOTAL TRADE	74.24	26.52	23.80	54.51	46.09

Source: https://tradestat.commerce.gov.in/eidb/iecnt.asp

Indian exports to Tajikistan mainly consist of pharmaceuticals, medical preparations, cane or beet sugar, tea, handicraft and machinery. Indian pharmaceutical products occupy approximately 25% of Tajik market. However, not all medical products are directly imported from India and some of it arrives in Tajikistan via Russia. Different types of ores, slag and ash, aluminum, organic chemicals, herbal oils, dried fruits and cotton are exported to India by Tajikistan.[xiii]

REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

GDP	USD 69.2 billion (2021, nominal)
GDP Growth Rate	7.4% in 2021
Unemployment	5.8% (source: State Statistics Committee 2018)
GDP per capita	USD 1.983 (2021, nominal)
Population	35.3 million (estimate as in January 2022)
Languages	Uzbek (official) 74.3%; Other languages: Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
Ethnic Groups	84.4% Uzbeks, 2.1% Russians, 2.4 % Kazakhs, 4.9 Tajiks, 2.2 Karakalpaks and 4.1% other nationalities.
Religion	Muslims 88% (Mostly Sunni) – others consist of Christians, Jews and Buddhists[xiv]
Military expenditure (% of GDP)	3.6 (2020)[xv]

Uzbekistan’s Foreign Trade

Exports, 2015-21 (in USD million)

	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Exports, total	5,540	8,975	10,392	11,224	14,914	13,127	16,313
China,	1,989	1,402	1,590	2,166	2,388	1,341	1,744
Russia	1,082	1,237	1,527	1,735	2,067	1,172	1,704
Türkiye	433	654	834	867	1,150	985	1,639
Kazakhstan	259	877	991	1,355	1,307	761	1,026
Kyrgyz Republic	87	114	169	333	657	740	777
Afghanistan	457	416	508	467	455	571	511
Tajikistan	5	43	75	142	222	289	330
Iran	413	342	258	164	209	136	168
Ukraine	36	47	100	98	109	119	226
France	0	103	124	165	176	83	4

Source: https://data.adb.org/media/10351/download

Imports, 2015-21 (in USD million)

	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Imports, total	22,193	11,328	12,035	17,312	21,855	19,955	23,919
China,	4,185	2,234	2,701	3,540	5,052	4,426	4,879
Russia	4,367	2,275	2,564	3,383	3,974	4,080	5,350
South Korea	1,924	807	1,157	1,936	2,524	1,935	1,745
Kazakhstan	1,496	936	975	1,544	1,909	2,094	2,712
Türkiye	844	475	594	1,097	1,297	1,073	1,662
Germany	1,007	481	574	700	885	692	657
Lithuania	446	277	258	277	442	471	442
Turkmenistan	…	127	105	239	392	396	689
India	647	309	282	252	319	420	460
Japan	590	239	141	684	381	199	157

Source: https://data.adb.org/media/10351/download

Uzbekistan’s economy is mainly based on agricultural exports and services. Its foreign earnings depend on export of raw material – major share being of gold, natural gas, cotton, other minerals and cars; and on remittances from some 2 million Uzbek citizens (estimated) working in Russia

India-Uzbekistan Trade (in USD million)

Year	2017-2018	2018-2019	2019-2020	2020-2021	2021-2022
EXPORT	132.72	201.41	180.21	280.07	271.18
IMPORT	101.67	126.73	66.85	14.94	71.35
TOTAL TRADE	234.39	328.14	247.06	295.01	342.53

Source: https://tradestat.commerce.gov.in/eidb/iecnt.asp

India’s exports to Uzbekistan

Pharmaceutical products and machinery and mechanical appliances, Machinery and mechanical appliances, tanning or dyeing extracts, vehicles, and miscellaneous edible preparation.

India’s import from Uzbekistan

Precious metals, Pearls, precious and semi-precious stones and metals (mostly gold)

fertilisers, lac, gum and resins, silk, zinc and its articles and cotton.

Turkmenistan

Total population as of 1 July 2021 (million)	6.1
GDP Growth rate (2021)	5.1 %[xvi]
GDP (current USD)	45.23 (2019 billion)
GDP per capita (current USD)	7,612.0 (2019)[xvii]
Language	Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%[xviii]
Ethnic groups	Turkmen 85%, Uzbek 5%, Russian 4%, other 6% (2003 est.)[xix]
Religion	Muslim 93%, Christian 6.4%, Buddhist <1%, folk religion <1%, Jewish <1%, other <1%, unspecified <1% (2020 est.)[xx]
Military expenditure (% of GDP)	2.9 (2020)[xxi]

Turkmenistan’s Foreign Trade

Exports, 2015-21 (in USD million)

	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Exports, total	9,666	7,870	8,120	9,760	10,539	6,544	9,217
China,	7,385	5,248	6,203	7,660	8,194	4,444	6,457
Türkiye	599	483	460	358	325	301	671
Afghanistan	597	335	390	364	385	425	162
Uzbekistan	…	120	99	226	370	374	650
Russia	69	312	80	146	142	302	133
Georgia	105	72	113	165	105	70	194
Romania	89	99	47	4	155	88	266
Azerbaijan	19	36	104	103	191	85	67
Italy	172	399	128	49	96	114	68
Ukraine	15	32	85	136	78	28	85

Source: https://data.adb.org/dataset/turkmenistan-key-indicators

Imports, 2015-21 (in USD million)

	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Imports, total	6,193	5,409	4,065	2,390	2,995	3,242	4,030
Türkiye	2,086	1,451	1,185	533	789	834	1,044
Russia	969	605	365	306	576	670	769
China,	863	361	403	337	457	426	546
Germany	355	412	437	183	193	202	226
Italy	247	263	133	41	63	55	516
United States	85	113	299	33	30	35	84
France	112	144	89	98	118	90	40
Netherlands	82.0	46.7	80.5	83.7	105.1	48.2	72.2
Kazakhstan	121.4	73.3	58.4	91.8	123.1	81.2	…
Uzbekistan	…	59.2	56.4	37.7	57.5	78.7	101.3

Source: https://data.adb.org/dataset/turkmenistan-key-indicators

India-Turkmenistan Trade (in USD million)

Year	2017-2018	2018-2019	2019-2020	2020-2021	2021-2022
EXPORT	54.31	45.64	33.90	60.34	104.29
IMPORT	26.15	20.63	3.99	0.30	10.07
TOTAL TRADE	80.46	66.27	37.89	60.64	114.36

Source: https://tradestat.commerce.gov.in/eidb/iecnt.asp

India’s export basket to Turkmenistan

Pharmaceuticals and meat and edible meat offal, other exports to Turkmenistan include aluminium and articles, machinery and mechanical appliances, rubber and articles and optical, photographic and medical instruments.

Indian Imports from Turkmenistan

Salt, Sulphur and plastering materials and inorganic Chemicals, electrical machinery and tanning or dyeing extracts.

References

[i] https://data.worldbank.org/country/russian-federation

[ii] https://indianembassy-moscow.gov.in/images/pdf/russia-fact-sheet.pdf

[iii] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS?locations=Z7

[iv]https://country.eiu.com/article.aspx?articleid=42325387&Country=Kazakhstan&topic=Summary&subtopic=Fact+sheet

[v] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS?locations=Z7

[vi] https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kyrgyzrepublic/overview#3

[vii] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS?locations=Z7

[viii] https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/tajikistan/overview#1

[ix]https://www.eoidushanbe.gov.in/docs/2022.01.04%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf